Psychological study of the characteristics of self-consciousness as a factor in emotional disorders in preschoolers

Abstract

The article presents the results of an empirical study of the psychological causes of emotional disorders in preschoolers aged 5–7, as well as the empirical study of their reflective development (features of self-esteem, ideas about one’s self, self-relationship). The study was conducted in preschool educational institutions Nos. 247 and 519 in Tashkent. The sample included 30 children aged 5 to 7 years (main group, mean age 5.63±0.31 years). The study used the following methods: R. S. Nemov’s “What kind of person am I?”, V. G. Shchur’s “Ladder” and “Train” based on the Luscher color test, and Family Drawing based on the works of V. Huls, A. I. Zakharov, et al. A correlation analysis was carried out to clarify the relationship between the emotional state of the child and the level of his or her self-esteem: it showed that low self-esteem caused emotional distress in 5-year-old girls and boys, while high self-esteem in 6-year-old girls and boys caused a positive emotional state. The emotional state of the child was found to have a significant dependence on the family situation. There were significantly more (p<0.001) positive children in a positive family environment, regardless of gender and age differences. The study makes it possible to conclude that emotional disorders in preschoolers aged 5–7 are determined by a complex system of causes, factors and conditions, where inadequate affective reactions in a child are protective and compensatory in nature. At the same time, the study revealed differentiated correlations between sociopsychological factors (the social situation of development, sociometric status, family relations) and emotional disorders depending on the gender and age of children.